9th Article | Volume 02 | Issue 04
Language Learning Strategies and Anxiety among English Major Students: A Convergent Parallel Design
Jobber Queen M. Flores
Researcher, Institute of Teacher Education, Kapalong College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Kapalong, Philippines
Jonelson C. Escandallo, PhD
Program Coordinator, Institute of Teacher Education, Kapalong College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Kapalong, Philippines
Abstract
This research mainly investigates the connection between anxiety and language learning techniques in English teacher education. The study employed a mixed-methods approach using a convergent parallel design, integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative data were collected using validated instruments from 116 students. Simultaneously, researchers conducted in-depth interviews and facilitated focus group discussions to gather qualitative insights from 10 selected participants. The quantitative results revealed that although students used a variety of methods in their learning, high anxiety levels often reduced their effectiveness, particularly concerning social strategies and speaking tasks. The qualitative findings provided additional context, highlighting several coping mechanisms, such as self-regulation and independent learning. However, many students faced challenges in maintaining motivation. These results shed light on the complex relationship between learners' fear of learning a language and the techniques they employ to fit their learning preferences, suggesting significant implications for improving academic performance and emotional resilience in language education.
Keywords: language learning strategies, anxiety, mix- methods, English major students, Philippines
How to cite:
Flores, J. Q., & Escandallo, J. (2024). Language Learning Strategies and Anxiety among English Major Students: A Convergent Parallel Design. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation. 2(4), 137-160. https://doi.org/10.17613/9vzhe-zbe95.
References:
Alamer, A., & Almulhim, F. (2021). The interrelation between language anxiety and self-determined motivation; a mixed methods approach. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655
Altun, M. (2023). The impact of speaking anxiety on the development of communication skills. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v10i2p104
Bećirović, S., Čeljo, A & Polz, E. (2021). Exploring the relationship between language learning strategies, academic achievement, grade level, and gender. ResearchGate; National Research University, Higher School of Economics (HSE). https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.10771
Behrooznia, S., & Jafarigohar, M (2021). The effect of anxiety on reading comprehension among distance efl learners. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publica
tion/266595171_the_effect_of_anxiety_on_reading_comprehension_among_distance_efl_learners
Biria, R., Koosha, M., Mohammadi, E., & Shahsavari, A. (2020). The relationship between foreign language anxiety and language learning strategies among university students. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.4.637-646
Bunders, J., Dedding, C., Nguyen, D., Pham, T., & Wright, P. (2019). Low self-esteem and its association with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in vietnamese secondary school students: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00698
Cantina, J. (2020). Linking anxiety in second language with students’ writing performance. Journal of Higher Education Research Disciplines, 1(1), 21–32. https://www.nmsc.edu.ph/ojs/index.php/jherd/article/view/55
Choong, Y., & Tan, S. (2023). Exploring esl students’ language learning strategies at an independent chinese secondary school in Malaysia. ResearchGate. https://www.resea
rchgate.net/publication/375778525_exploring_esl_students'_language_learning_strategies_at_an_independent_chinese_secondary_school_in_malaysia
Chowdhury, M. (2019). What is coping theory? definition & worksheets. Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/coping-theory/
Coban, I., Onur, E., & Polatcan, F. (2021). An analysis of relevant studies on language learning strategies in teaching turkish as a foreign language. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(S2-Sep), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9is2-sep.4372
Creswell, J. W., Creswell, J. D., Clark, V. L. P., Hanson, W. E., & Petska, K. S. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0167.52.2.224
Demir, S.B., & Pismek, N. (2018). A convergent parallel mixed-methods study of controversial issues in social studies classes: A class of ideologies. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practices, 18(1), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.1.0298
Du, X., Liu, Q., & Lu, H. (2022). Teacher support and learning engagement of efl learners: the mediating role of self-efficacy and achievement goal orientation. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04043-5
Escandallo, J. C., & Baradillo, D. (2024). A sequential explanatory approach on the relationship between social literacy and student engagement as mediated by English speaking skills. EPRA International of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR). https://doi.org/10.36713/epra15397.
Umisara, E., Faridi, A., & Joko Yulianto, H. (2021). An Evaluation of the Psychological Factors influencing the Students’ Anxiety in Speaking English. English Education Journal, 11(4), 496-505. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.47800
Gan, R. (2020). English language learning anxiety vis-à-vis coping strategies of english major students of city college of angeles. City College of Angeles. https://cca.edu.ph/assets/images/B16-English%20Language.pdf
Habók, A., & Magyar, A. (2018). The effect of language learning strategies on proficiency, attitudes and school achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02358
Hakim, B. (2019). A study of language anxiety among english language learners in saudi arabia. Arab World English Journal, 10(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol10no1.6
Horwitz, E., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
Ilishera D., Lucas, R., & Miraflores, E., (2011). English language learning anxiety among foreign language learners in the philippines. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256495249_english_language_learning_anxiety_among_foreign_language_learners_in_the_philippines
Jugo, R. (2020). Language anxiety in focus: the case of filipino undergraduate teacher education learners. Education Research International, 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7049837
Keten, U. (2021). Investigating language learning strategies and language learning anxiety of preparatory school students. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351990966_investigating_language_learning_strategies_and_language_learning_anxiety_of_preparatory_school_students
Labicane, E. (2021). Foreign language anxiety experiences of filipino students across the four macro skills. Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching, 5(1), 254–264. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/languageliteracy/article/view/3761/pdf
Lao, T. (2018). The relationship between ESL learners’ motivation, willingness to communicate, perceived competence, and frequency of l2 use. ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1288718.pdf
Montijo, S. (2022). Public speaking anxiety: what is it and tips to overcome it. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/public-speaking-anxiety
Mumford., & Darn (2020) as cited by Guibangguibang, H. (2020). Association between oral error corrections of university teacher and english majors’ language anxiety in philippine higher education context. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347180613_association_between_oral_error_corrections_of_university_teacher_and_english_majors'_language_anxiety_in_philippine_higher_education_context
Oxford (1990) as cited by Khamkhien. A. (2023). Proficiency, motivation, and classroom anxiety and their effects on language learning strategies used by Thai EFL learners. Journal of Current Science and Technology, 2(2), 85–98. https://ph04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jcst/article/view/576
Reeve, J. (2012) as cited in Sen, E. (2022). Middle school students’ engagement in mathematics and learning approaches: structural equation modeling. ERIC. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/11908
Scott, E. (2022). The expectations vs. reality trap. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/expectation-vs-reality-trap-4570968
Sutarsyah, C. (2019). An analysis of student’s speaking anxiety and its effect on speaking performance, an analysis of student’s speaking anxiety and its effect on speaking. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 1(2), 2017. http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/4536/1/ijelta.pdf
Takkaç Tulgar, A. (2018) as cited in Yentürk, C., & Dağdeviren-Kirmizi, G. (2020). Native or non-native instructors? A case study on foreign language speaking anxiety in efl classroom. Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 16(4), 1939–1951. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.851025
Wijirahayu, S., & Dorand, P. (2018). Affective strategies, attitudes, and a model of speaking performance development for engineering students. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012024
Woodrow, L. (2007) as cited by Wang, Q., & Li, S. (2022). Measuring l1 chinese speakers' anxiety when completing an english as l2 video narration task: validation of task anxiety and pedagogical implications. ResearchGate; SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1075/jsls.00027.wan
Zakaria, N., Hashim, H., & Yunus, M. (2019). A review of affective strategy and social strategy in developing students’ speaking skills. SCIRP, 10(12), 3082–3090. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012232
Zhang, J. (2023). The impact of the learning environment on English language learning. Research Gate. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v23i.12737
Published: November 2024
POLICY AND INFORMATION